The grammatical impact of the Dravidian languages on the structure and syntax of Indo-Aryan languages is difficult to fathom. These Mediterraneans (or Dravidians as many historians call them) knew the craft of systematised agriculture,and inhabited most of neolithic India. Historians maintain that the paleo-Mediterraneans who came to India from northwest passes as early Dravidians formed a heterogeneous racial subtype. The later migrants who reached Konkan speaking early Dravidian languages (see: Proto-Dravidian language) are believed to be the Mediterraneans. Several Konkani words related to agriculture find their roots in Proto-Australoid dialects, for example: kumeri (type of farming), mer (field boundary), zonn (share of the surplus production), khazan (type of farmland), kudd (room), and khomp (hut). Originally hunter-gatherers, they later developed a primitive form of agriculture. As per some historians and linguists, modern communities like Gaudes, Kunbis, and Mahars of Konkan today are supposed to be the modern representatives of Proto-Australoids. These Australoid tribes were once the pre-historic inhabitants of Goa and Konkan. This substratum is very prominent in Konkani. Goan Indologist Raakrishna Shenvi Dhume identified many Austroloid Munda words in Konkani, like mund, mundkar, dhumak, goem-bab. Olivinho Gomes in his essay "Medieval Konkani Literature" also mentions the Mundari substratum. According to the Indian Anthropological Society, these Australoid tribes speaking Austro-Asiatic or Munda languages who once inhabited Konkan, migrated to Northern India ( Chota Nagpur Plateau, Mirzapur) and are not found in Konkan any more. The substratum of the Konkani language lies in the speech of Proto-Australoid tribes called Kurukh, Oraon, and Kukni, whose modern representatives are languages like Kurukh and its dialects like Kurux, Kunrukh, Kunna, and Malto. Pre-history and early development Substratum Austro-asiatic Konkan is synonymous with Konkani, but it is today divided into three states: Maharashtra (Konkan region), Goa, and Karnataka (North Canara).This legend has been mentioned in Sahyadrikhanda of the Skanda Purana. The new piece of land thus recovered came to be known as Konkan meaning piece of earth or corner of earth, kōṇa (corner)+ kaṇa (piece). According to some Hindu legends, Parashurama shot his arrow into the sea and commanded the Sea God to recede up to the point where his arrow landed.The word Konkan comes from the Kukkana tribe, who were the original inhabitants of the land Konkani originated from.There are different views as to the origin of the word Konkan and hence Konkani. The latter was the preferred choice of the Europeans, and also of other castes, for writing, sermons, and religious purposes. Īll the European authors, however, recognised two forms of the language in Goa: the plebeian, called Canarim, and the more regular (used by the educated classes), called Lingua Canarim Brámana or simply Brámana de Goa. The problem is that this term overlaps with Kanarese or Kannada. It is possible that the term is derived from the Persian word for coast, kinara if so, it would mean "the language of the coast". The name Canarim or Lingua Canarim, which is how the 16th century European Jesuit, Thomas Stephens refers to it in the title of his famous work Arte da lingoa Canarim has always been intriguing. The Portuguese later started referring to Konkani as Lingua Concanim. Konkani was commonly referred to as Lingua Canarim by the Portuguese and Lingua Brahmana by Catholic missionaries. Learned Marathi speakers tend to call it Gomantaki. It is called Amchi Bhas (our language) by native speakers ( Amchi Gele in Dakshina Kannada), and Govi or Goenchi Bhas by others. Konkani has been known by a variety of names: Canarim, Concanim, Gomantaki, Bramana, and Goani. The first reference of the name Konkani is in " Abhanga 263" of the 13th century Marathi saint poet, Namadeva (1270–1350). Reference to the name Konkani is not found in literature prior to 13th century. Considering these arguments, these inscriptions at Sravanabelegola may be considered the earliest Konkani inscriptions in Devanagari script. Jose Pereira (former professor, Fordham University, USA). Kulkarni (former head of Department of Marathi, Nagpur University) and Dr. The language of these lines is Konkani according to Dr. The first line was inscribed circa 981 AD and the second line in 116-17 AD. Among the inscriptions at the foot of the colossal statue of Bahubali at Sravanabelagola in Karnataka are two lines reading thus: (i) Sri Chamundaraje Karaviyale and (ii) Sri Ganga raje sutthale karaviyale. It is quite possible that Old Konkani was just referred to as Prakrit by its speakers. 5.2 Recognition as an independent language.
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